نوجوانان را اعدام نکنید SCE News and Updates archives

محمد مصطفایی

بهمن سلیمیان متولد 16/11/1360 نوجوان دیگری است که در سن 15 سالگی مرتکب قتل مادر بزرگ خود شده است او می گوید در شب بیست و پنجم بهمن ماه سال 1375 زمانیکه در منزل ایشان بودم ندانسته مادر بزرگ خود را به قتل رساندم و زمانی که فهمیدم چنین عملی را انجام داده ام خواستم خود را بکشم که موفق نشدم  چون از لحاظ عقلی به رشد نرسیده بودم دادگاه نخستین مرا به پنج سال حبس تعزیری و پرداخت دیه محکوم کرد ولی اولیاءدم به حکم صادره اعتراض نمود تا اینکه پس از 12 سال کابوس مرگ، قرار است حکم اعدام را آخر این هفته در محوطه زندان اصفهان اجرا نمایند.

بهمن سلیمانی می گوید قصد کشتن مادر بزرگ خود را نداشتم و واقعا نمی دانم که چطور این کار انجام شد حتی داییهایم باورشان نمی شود که چنین عملی انجام شده است من در آن زمان هیچگونه اراده ای نداشتم و از نظر عقلی نیز دچار مشکل شده بودم.

لازم به ذکر است در تاریخ 29/5/1387 نوجوانی به نام رضا حجازی در محوطه زندان مرکزی اصفهان به دار آویخته شد.

صدور حكم مرگ نسبت به  اطفالي كه در زمان ارتكاب جرم سنشان زير 18 سال   مي باشد برخلاف مفاد صريح قانون است با اين توضيح كه  مادة 49 قانون مجازات اسلامي

(ماده مورد استناد قضات دادگستري در صدور حكم قصاص و اعدام) مقرر مي دارد :« اطفال در صورت ارتكاب جرم مبري از مسئوليت كيفري هستند » تبصرة‌اين ماده طفل را به كسي اطلاق نموده كه به “حد بلوغ شرعي” نرسيده باشد در هيچ جاي قانون مجازات اسلامي و حتي ديگر قوانين موجود، سن مسئوليت كيفري اطفال مشخص نشده و قانونگذار به “حد شرعي” اكتفا نموده است البته در قانون مدني كه مربوط است به امور حقوقي – نه كيفري – قانونگذار در تبصره يك مادة 1210 مقرر نموده ؛ سن بلوغ در پسر 15 سال تمام قمري و در دختر 9 سال تمام قمري است اين ماده كه علي القاعده رسيدن صغار به سن بلوغ را دليل رشد قرار داده و خلاف آنرا محتاج به اثبات دانسته ناظر به دخالت آنان در هر نوع امور مربوط به خود، در امور مدني  مي باشد مگر در مورد امور مالي كه به حكم تبصره 2 مادة مرقوم كه اشعار مي دارد: اموال صغيري را كه بالغ شده باشد در صورتي مي توان به او داد كه رشد او ثابت شده باشد مستلزم اثبات رشد است. به عبارت ديگر صغير پس از رسيدن به سن بلوغ و اثبات رشد مي تواند نسبت به اموالي كه از طريق انتقالات عهدي يا قهري قبل از بلوغ مالك شده مستقلاً تصرف و مداخله نمايد و قبل از اثبات رشد از اين نوع مداخله ممنوع است. بنابراين علي القاعده نمي توان با توجه به اصل تفسير به نفع متهم در امور كيفري به مجموع قوانين مدني رجوع نمود مگر آنكه در اين خصوص تصريح بعمل آمده باشد.

فقها نيز در خصوص سن مسئوليت كيفري با يكديگر اختلاف نظرداشته و سن مشخصي تاكنون به عنوان سن فرد در ارتكاب جرم پيرامون رافعيت مسئوليت كيفري در نظر گرفته نشده است.

اما با مراجعه به مجموع مقررات بين المللي مي توان استنباط نمود كه سن مسئوليت كيفري اطفال در خصوص مجازاتهاي سالب حيات 18 سال مي باشد با اين توضيح كه بند الف مادة 37 كنوانسيون حقوق كودك صراحتاً مقرر نموده كه:« … مجازات اعدام، يا حبس ابد بدون امكان آزادي ، نبايد در مورد جرمهايي كه اشخاص زير 18 سال مرتكب مي شوند اعمال گردد». اين كنوانسيون در سال 1372 به دليل اهميت جايگاه و نقش كودكان تحت عنوان قانون اجازه الحاق دولت جمهوري اسلامي ايران به كنوانسيون حقوق كودك به تصويب نمايندگان مجلس شوراي اسلامي رسيده و اين مادة كنوانسيون كه به نظر گراميتان رسيد بدون هيچ ايرادي به مجلس، جهت اعلام به قوة مجريه و نشر آن ارسال شد. بنابراين طبق مادة 9 قانون مدني كه مقرر مي دارد: «مقررات و عهودي كه بر طبق قانون اساسي بين دولت ايران و ساير دول منعقد شده باشد در حكم قانون است». نمي توان حكم به مجازات مرگ و اعدام اطفال زير 18سال را صادر نمود چرا كه به نظر مي رسد اختلاف در سن “بلوغ شرعي” با تصويب اين كنوانسيون و تأييد آن توسط شوراي محترم نگهبان رفع و در خصوص مجازاتهاي سالب حيات، سن مسئوليت كيفري طفل “زير 18 سال”مي باشد بنابراين احكام صادره توسط محاكم دادگستري بنا به استدلالات مرقوم نسبت به سلب حيات اطفال زير 18 سال از اين لحاظ مخدوش و غیر قانونی است.

rooz – Nader Irani

In an unprecedented measure, the Iranian judiciary froze a joint bank account that had ‎been opened by three of the country’s most prominent movie directors and actors with the ‎purpose of collecting money to pay the “Diye” (i.e. blood money) set for a man currently ‎on the death row. The three revered personalities are Ezzatollah Entezami, Parviz ‎Parastooyi, and Kiyumars PoorAhmad who have been active to prevent the execution of a ‎death sentence on Behnood Shojayi, who is on the death row.‎

(Behnood) Shojaee was sentenced to death by an Iranian court for having killed his playmate, when ‎both were still juveniles. To complicate matters, his family has been unable to meet the ‎Diye, which if collected and handed over to the victim’s next of kin, could

open the door ‎for the latter’s consent not to execute the death penalty over the accused. The initiative of ‎the three film actors has been widely welcomed by the public, and young Iranian ‎journalists who have expressed public gestures of support. This public enthusiasm and ‎response to collect money for the Diye has been so wide that the victim’s relatives agreed ‎to provide the necessary consent before the Diye amount had been collected; a move that ‎can prevent the execution of Shojayi.‎

Under these circumstances, it was surprising that the names of the three well-known and ‎liked Iranian artists made news when they were summoned by a court whose prosecutor ‎had pretty harsh words for the good Samaritans. “By opening a joint account, these ‎individuals wanted to impress upon people to sympathize with the convicted criminal, ‎whose punishment remains the Ghesas” (loosely translated to mean ‘eye-for-an-eye ‎punishment’ as prescribed in Islam), the prosecutor announced.‎

Shamloo, the prosecutor of the first bench of Tehran’s criminal court added, “A ‎newspaper published a news report about the sympathy of journalists and cinema actors ‎for a convicted criminal by opening a joint bank account, an act that is illegal and which ‎is why the court issued a freeze on the bank account.”‎

Iran’s official state news agency, ISNA, reported that in addition to freezing the bank ‎account, the prosecutor had summoned the three cinema stars to learn of the “basis on ‎which they had opened the account.”‎

Following the publication of this news, Jame Jam Online website reported that Tehran’s ‎deputy prosecutor, judge Fakhreddin Jaafarzadeh announced that the bank account had ‎been frozen because it was not clear who was its owner.” At the same time, he denied ‎reports that three actors had been summoned to the court, but in remarks that seemed to ‎substantiate the summons said, “If an artist were to be summoned to court, it would be for ‎information purposes, and not as suspects.” ‎

But perhaps most surprising were his comments that appeared to be threatening the ‎artists, even though he made some positive remarks about them by saying that artists ‎enjoy greater respect than the accusations that have been flouted against them.” He added ‎that, “Even if it is established that a group of artists are the owners of this bank account, ‎they shall be investigated and it shall be assumed that they are not aware of the special ‎laws that were passed in 1997 by the State Expediency Council which have strengthened ‎the punishments against corruption, embezzlement, and misappropriation and which ‎carry punishments ranging from one to seven years of prison.” ‎

Amnesty International                Public Statement

Amnesty International unreservedly condemns the execution today 19 August 2008, at 11am of Reza Hejazi, for a crime he committed when he was below 18 years old. Reza Hejazi was hanged in Esfahan central prison following his conviction for the murder, then aged about 15. His lawyer was not informed that his execution was to be carried out, though under Iranian law a 48 hour notification period is required. Amnesty International calls for the Iranian Judiciary to halt all executions of juvenile offenders and the Iranian government to ban all such executions in line with international law.
Reza Hejazi’s family were notified that he had been transferred to a cell for those to be executed within 24 hours, and they informed his lawyer, Mohammad Mostafaei. The lawyer reached Esfahan prison at 4.30am, and attempted to find out when the execution was to be carried out. Prison guards informed him that executions normally took place between 7 and 8am. After attempting for several hours to secure a stay of execution, at around 10am Mohammad Mostafaei was told by the officer supervising executions that Reza Hejazi’s execution had been halted. He set off back to his office in the capital, Tehran, a five-hour journey away. While he was travelling, he was informed that Reza Hejazi was hanged at 11am.
Juvenile offender, Reza Hejazi – then aged 15 – was among a small group of people involved in a dispute with a man on 18 September 2004, which resulted in the man being fatally stabbed. Reza Hejazi was arrested and tried for murder, and on 14 November 2005 he was sentenced to qesa(retribution) by Branch 106 of the Esfahan General Court. The sentence was approved by Branch 28 of the Supreme Court in Mashhad on 6 June 2006, although under Iranian law he should have been tried in a juvenile court.
The execution of juvenile offenders is prohibited under international law, as stated in Article 6 (5) of the ICCPR and the Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC), of which Iran is a state party to and so has undertaken not to execute anyone for crimes committed when they were under 18.
Since 1990 Iran has executed at least 36 juvenile offenders, including eight in 2007. The execution today of Reza Hejazi brings the number of juvenile executions to five so far in 2008. No other country is known to have executed a juvenile offender in 2008.
The situation of juvenile offenders facing execution in Iran has reached crisis levels, with at least 132 juvenile offenders known to be on death row in Iran, although the true number could be much higher.
The organization urges the Iranian authorities to immediately stop sentencing juvenile offenders to death and commute the sentences of these on death row.
See for further information Urgent Action: UA 71/08, AI Index: MDE 13/049/2008, 13 March 2008 Fear of execution; http://www.amnesty.org/en/library/info/MDE13/049/2008
Press release Iran: End Execution of Juvenile Offenders, published on 29 July 2008;
http://www.amnesty.org/en/library/info/MDE13/103/2008/en
Press release Iran: Spare four youths from execution, immediately enforce international prohibition on death penalty for juvenile offenders, published on 8 July 2008
http://www.amnesty.org/en/for-media/press-releases/iran-spare-four-youths-execution-immediately-enforce-international-prohi

Kargozaraan: http://www.kargozaaran.com/ShowNews.php?26963

Iran’s judiciary has approved the death sentence of Amir Amrollahi, a juvenile who allegedly committed murder when he was 16 , Kargozaran newspaper said on Tuesday. Amir had “unintentionally stabbed a young man to death in a childish fight when he was 16, in November 2005,”  According to the newspaper , Amir’s execution order has already been sent to the prison and it is expected to take place within days.
A court in the southern city of Shiraz sentenced Amir to death and the verdict has been approved by the office of Iran’s judiciary chief, Ayatollah Mahmoud Hashemi Shahroudi, it added.

The news has not yet been confimed by Amir’s attorney, Mohammad Mostafaei whose another client Reza Hejazi was executed today in Iran for an alleged crime at the age of 15 . Mostafaei was not notified about the execution.

To read the urgent call and information about Amir Amrollahi visit: http://scenews.blog.com/Amir%20Amrollahi/

پسری كه به اتهام قتل دستگیر شده بود، پس از تایید حكم از سوی قضات دادگاه تجدیدنظر در آستانه اعدام قرار دارد. «امیركریم» كه هم‌اكنون در زندان مهاباد به‌سر می‌برد چهار سال قبل و در سن 17 سالگی به اتهام قتل بازداشت شد. حكم قصاص او سپس از سوی قضات دادگاه كیفری تایید شد و هم‌اكنون نیز پس از اعتراض به حكم صادره، به تایید قضات دادگاه تجدید نظر رسیده است

Gooya.com:  http://news.gooya.com/politics/archives/2008/08/075497.php

اميرکريم بهرام، فردی است که متهم است طی يک نزاع جمعی در نوجوانی فردی را به قتل رسانده است، وی که از سوی دادگاه بدوی به اعدام محکوم شده بود، در دادگاه تجديدنظر نيز مجرم شناخته شده و حکم وی تأييد شد.

To view the detailed list visit : www.stopchildexecutions.com/scedata.htm

سيد وحيد موسوي نوجواني که متهم به ارتکاب قتل در سن 17 سالگي گرديده است ، بيش از 8 سال است که در زندان رجايي شهر کرج به سر مي برد ، نامبرده با توجه به عدم توفيق در جلب رضايت خانواده مقتول و به دليل رسيدن به سن بالاي 18 سال که عرف دستگاه قضايي براي اعدام متهمين است در آستانه اعدام قرار دارد. وي هم اکنون در واحد 4 زندان رجايي شهر کرج به سر مي برد.

بنيامين رسولي نوجواني که متهم است در سن 16 سالگي مرتکب قتل گرديده است . اکنون بعد از طي نمودن 5 سال زندان و عدم توفيق در جلب رضايت خانواده در آستانه اعدام قرار گرفته است  ، وي هم اکنون در واحد 4 زندان رجايي شهر کرج به سر مي برد.

اخبار مربوط به اعدام قریب الوقوع امیر امراللهی که به دلیل جرمی که در هنگام صغر سن مرتکب شده، محکوم به اعدام گردیده، موجب نگرانی شدید اتحادیه اروپاست.

این محکومیت به اعدام نقض آشکار تعهدات بین المللی جمهوری اسلامی ایران و الزاماتی است که بر وفق پیمان بین المللی مربوط به حقوق مدنی و سیاسی و کنوانسیون مربوط به حقوق کودک پذیرفته که هر دو اعدام افراد را به خاطر جرمی که در صغر سن مرتکب شده اند محکوم می کند.
از همین رو نیز اتحادیه اروپا اعدام آقایان حسن مظفری و رحمن شهیدی در بوشهر در 22 ژوئیه گذشته را که در زمان ارتکاب جرمهایی که به خاطرشان محکوم شده بودند محکوم می کند.
اتحادیه اروپا مؤکداً از ایران می خواهد به تعهدات خود عمل کند و تدابیر لازم فوری را برای جلوگیری از اعدام آقای امیر امراللهی فوری و کلاً همه کسان دیگری که به خاطر جرمی که در زمان صغر سن مرتکب شده اند با خطر اعدام رویرویند اتخاذ کند.

خبر تصمیم مقامات قضایی ایران به لغو حکم اعدام آقای علی مهین ترابی که اتحادیه اروپا در ماه های اخیر به نفع او مداخله کرده بود، و تجدید محاکمه وی موجب رفع نگرانی بوده، اتحادیه اروپا از مقامات ایرانی می خواهد همین رویه در مورد ایرانیانی که در وضعیتی مشابه گرفتارند در پیش گیرد و برای شان کیفرهای جانشین با قابلیت آموزشی و با هدف امکان بازگشت به اجتماع در نظر گیرد

PUBLIC  AI Index: MDE 13/114/2008 
  15 August 2008

Further Information on UA 15/08 (MDE 13/009/2008, 18 January 2008) Death Penalty/imminent execution/unfair trial

IRAN  Amir Amrollahi (m), aged 17 or 18

Juvenile offender Amir Amrollahi’s death sentence received final approval from the Head of the Judiciary earlier this month, and judicial officials in Shiraz province have been asked to prepare to carry out his execution. He was sentenced to death for a murder committed when he was 16 years old.

The murder took place in November 2006 during a fight with another boy, who was fatally stabbed. According to his lawyer, who took up his case this year, Amir Amrollahi ran off in a panic after stabbing the boy, who he thought was about to attack him. Medical help did not arrive for half an hour, by which time it was too late. Amir Amrollahi told his father what had happened, the same day, and later presented himself to the police.

His family could not afford adequate legal representation at his trial. According to his new lawyer, the court did not hear that the killing had been unintentional, or that he was prescribed heavy doses of sedatives while in prison awaiting trial. His mental state at the time of the trial was not properly considered.

On 6 August 2007, Branch 5 of Fars province criminal court sentenced him to death, although one of the court advisors had expressed concern about his age and his ability to understand and recognise what was going on. The sentence was upheld by Branch 27 of Supreme Court on 11 October.

BACKGROUND INFORMATION

The execution of juvenile offenders is prohibited by international law. Since 1990 Iran has executed at least 35 juvenile offenders, eight of them in 2007 and four in 2008.

The family of a murder victim have the right either to insist on execution, or to pardon the killer and receive financial compensation. A convicted murderer has no right to seek pardon or commutation from the state, in violation of Article 6(4) of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, to which Iran is a state party.

RECOMMENDED ACTION: Please send appeals to arrive as quickly as possible, in Persian, Arabic, English or your own language:
- calling on the authorities to halt the execution of Amir Amrollahi immediately;
- expressing concern that he was sentenced to death for a crime committed when he was under 18;
- calling on the authorities to commute his death sentence;
- reminding the authorities that Iran is a state party to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights and the Convention on the Rights of the Child, which prohibit the use of the death penalty against people convicted of crimes committed when they were under 18;
- urging the authorities to pass legislation to abolish the death penalty for offences committed by people under the age of 18, so bringing Iran’s domestic law in line with its obligations under international law.

APPEALS TO:

Head of the Judiciary
Ayatollah Mahmoud Hashemi Shahroudi
Howzeh Riyasat-e Qoveh Qazaiyeh / Office of the Head of the Judiciary
Pasteur St., Vali Asr Ave., south of Serah-e Jomhouri, Tehran 1316814737, Islamic Republic of Iran
Email:  info@dadgostary-tehran.ir (In subject line write: FAO Ayatollah Shahroudi)
Salutation:  Your Excellency

Leader of the Islamic Republic
His Excellency Ayatollah Sayed ‘Ali Khamenei, The Office of the Supreme Leader
Islamic Republic Street – Shahid Keshvar Doust Street
Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran
Email: info@leader.ir
Salutation:  Your Excellency

COPIES TO:

President
His Excellency Mahmoud Ahmadinejad
The Presidency
Palestine Avenue, Azerbaijan Intersection
Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran
Fax:   +98 21 6 649 5880
Email:   dr-ahmadinejad@president.ir
(via website) http://www.president.ir/email/

Director, Human Rights Headquarters of Iran
His Excellency Mohammad Javad Larijani
C/o Office of the Deputy for International Affairs
Ministry of Justice,
Ministry of Justice Building, Panzdah-Khordad (Ark) Square,
Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran
Fax:   +98 21 5 537 8827 (please keep trying)

and to diplomatic representatives of Iran accredited to your country.

PLEASE SEND APPEALS IMMEDIATELY. Check with the International Secretariat, or your section office, if sending appeals after 26 September 2008.